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Direct volume paths are absolute volume-internal paths rooted at /. Relative paths are rejected, .. cannot escape the volume root, and there is no sandbox cwd or user context for direct volume file operations.

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Read and write

from nullspace import Volume

volume = Volume.from_name("team-data", create_if_missing=True)
volume.files.make_dir("/datasets")
volume.files.write("/datasets/report.txt", "ready\n")
print(volume.files.read("/datasets/report.txt"))
print(volume.files.read("/datasets/report.txt", format="bytes"))

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List and inspect

for item in volume.files.list("/datasets"):
    print(item.path, item.size)

print(volume.files.exists("/datasets/report.txt"))
print(volume.files.info("/datasets/report.txt").size)

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Search and replace

matches = volume.files.find_files("/datasets", "ready")
paths = volume.files.search_files("/datasets", "*.txt")
result = volume.files.replace_in_files(paths, "ready", "done", dry_run=True)
print(result.dry_run, result.replacements, result.files_modified)
VolumeReplaceResult also includes the matched file list, so dry runs can show the planned changes before writing.

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Move and remove

volume.files.rename("/datasets/report.txt", "/datasets/report-old.txt")
volume.files.set_permissions("/datasets/report-old.txt", "0644")
volume.files.remove("/datasets/report-old.txt")

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Watch

def on_event(event):
    print(event.type, event.path)

with volume.files.watch_dir("/", on_event=on_event, recursive=True):
    volume.files.write("/datasets/changed.txt", "changed\n")
Direct volume watches are best-effort notifications from one selected data-plane host. In multi-host deployments, mutations performed through another host may require a resync; clients should treat resync_required as a prompt to list or stat the watched tree again. volume.files.replace_in_files() returns a VolumeReplaceResult. Sandbox filesystem replacement returns a plain integer count. Direct watches are opened against a concrete volume ID under the hood. If you look up a volume by name, the SDK resolves it first and then watches that ID.

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Batch writes

from nullspace import BatchWriteError

try:
    volume.files.write_files([
        ("/datasets/a.txt", "a\n"),
        ("/datasets/b.txt", "b\n"),
    ])
except BatchWriteError as exc:
    print(exc.successes, exc.failures)

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Async

The async client mirrors the sync surface above. Volume content search and replace (shown earlier) are SDK-only — the CLI does not expose them. 
from nullspace import AsyncVolume

volume = await AsyncVolume.from_name("team-data", create_if_missing=True)
await volume.files.write("/hello.txt", "persistent\n")
print(await volume.files.read("/hello.txt"))